To begin with, it is worth understanding what psoriasis is and what are the causes of this disease.Psoriasis is a chronic non -infectious skin disease, which is characterized by redness of red yellow joints and stains with a peel surface in the body.Most often, psoriasis is recorded in young people aged 18 to 45, but there are cases of psoriasis in children and the elderly.The essence of the disease is that, for the unknown reason, the epidermis cells begin to accelerate, forming skin thickening and further growth under these capillary sites.
This disease accompanies humanity not a hundred years, and perhaps from the moment of its appearance.Researchers find the remains of ancient mummified people who were sick with psoriasis.In the Middle Ages, this disease was often mistaken for leprosy, and only in the mid -19th century.Psoriasis was defined as a particular disease - from this moment the scientific study of the disease began.In addition, to date, scientists cannot completely detect the cause of the disease.On this occasion, several theories were presented:
- Inheritance.The cause of the disease is the breakdown in the immune system, inherited.So if one of the parents is sick with psoriasis, the probability of a child's disease is about 20%.If both parents have a disease, the probability of psoriasis in a child increases to 80%.Scientists note that not the disease itself is inherited, but only a predisposition to its emergence.
- Viral theory.The reasoning that the causative agent of psoriasis may be a virus tried to find many scientists.At the moment, the confirmation of this theory has not been found.However, other infectious diseases - influenza, tonsils, acute respiratory infections can affect the course of the disease, causing an irritation or becoming a cause for the first external manifestations of psoriasis.
- Immune theory.The most justified and universally known version for the emergence of psoriasis.After all is that the cause of the disease is a violation in the cellular bond of immunity.More and more scientists are prone to the fact that the disease is autoimmune - that is, the body's defenses turn against themselves and begin to reject skin cells, perceiving them as strangers.
- The theory of exchange.To detect the causes of the pathology, scientists performed numerous examinations of patients with psoriasis.During this process, it was found that everyone had violations in metabolism.In particular, low body temperature;Increased blood cholesterol;Interrupted Balance of Vitamins.All this leads to the conclusion that disorders in the exchange process play an important role in the onset of the disease.
Factors that provoke the development of psoriasis
The fact that there are some causes that cause illness or provocation of irritation are recognized by both patients themselves and doctors' treatment.Such reasons include:
- Stress, nervous overload, psychological trauma;
- Hormonal violations;
- Taking certain medicines: antibiotics, vitamins B, anti -inflammatory drugs;
- Mechanical skin injuries: cutting, burning, deep scratches;
- Infectious diseases: tonsillitis, media otitis, sinusitis, as well as infections caused by Streptococcus - scarf fever, erysipelas, etc.;
- Drinking alcohol, disregard for regime, malnutrition, smoking;
- A sharp climate change, long -term stay in the sun.
Symptoms of psoriasis
How to know the signs of a secret disease and prevent its spread?The course of psoriasis is cyclical: periods of irritation are replaced with periods of forgiveness.The disease has several forms, each of which has its own distinctive characteristic characteristics, but has general symptoms, whose entirety clearly indicates the presence of psoriasis in the patient.This is the so -called psoriatic trio:
- The phenomenon of stearine fall.If you distribute the surface of a psoriatic plate with a nail, keratinizing skin scales, similar to the frozen star points, will be separated from it.
- Under the divided layer of keratinized particles, there is a thin red glossy film.
- "Bloody Dew."If you remove this film with a nail, small blood drops will perform.The fact is that under it there are capillaries with thin walls, and numerous hemorrhage of points arise from the smallest physical effect.
All of these symptoms are associated with itching in the affected area.Most often, the first psoriatic plaques appear in places such as knees, elbows, inguinal region, scalp, armpits.First, the rashes are single, but as the disease develops, their number increases, and the plaques can join one another, affecting the growing surface of the body.Kebner syndrome also occurs - the appearance of new rashes in the sites of skin irritation.
Vulgar or common psoriasis
One of the most common forms of the disease is 80% of patients with psoriasis is diagnosed precisely by psoriasis vulgaris.The most characteristic feature is the appearance in the body of the reddish papule - joints that have a rounded shape, clearly defined borders and rise slightly above the skin.The points are covered with a gray raid by separate scales.Reds can affect both individual parts of the body and spread throughout the skin, mainly localized to skin folds, joints of the joints, frequent contact sites and rubbing the skin on clothes.
Psoriasis of the head
In this form of the disease, mostly part of the head, covered with hair, but with a further course of the disease, the plaques can spread to the face, ears and neck.Since it is quite difficult to see what is happening in the head independently, often in the initial phase of hair psoriasis, they are confused with ordinary dandruff and do not pay much attention to the symptoms.What are your signs to warn:
- Dry scalp;
- Severe itching;
- Pain and burning in the affected area;
- The appearance of dandruff -like peel;
- Hair loss.
Psoriasis of nails
Psoriatic onhestrophy, or nail psoriasis can manifest as an independent disease and is a complication of common psoriasis.External signs of the disease are very similar to a fungus infection.The nail plate thickens, its color changes - it can vary from yellow to gray.Bare eyes are visible traces of submarine hemorrhages - red or purple spots.There is an oil stains syndrome - a yellow spot under the nail plate.The nail itself is flattened, it becomes tough on the touch, in the center there are print traces.Small holes also appear - both from injections with a needle, the surface begins to resemble a lump.Under the nail bed, the process of accumulating dead cells begins, in the future this can lead to nail detachment and its loss.Both nails on the fingers of both hands or only a few can be affected.
Psoriasis pustulenia
It differs from usually to that the lesion is characterized by the appearance of redness and pustules - bubbles with purulent contents.With the further development of the disease, the bubbles begin to peel, exposing the surface of erosion.Pustular psoriasis has a more severe course, can be complicated by the binding of a secondary infection, intoxication of the body to death.
Genital psoriasis
A very rare form of the disease.It is characterized by the appearance of small form of small form up to 1 centimeter in diameter.Favorite places: limbs and body.The appearance of rashes is associated with severe itching, often preceded by transferred streptococcal infection.
Lasting psoriasis
It is diagnosed in 15% of all patients with psoriasis.This form is characterized by the appearance of papules in the palms and soles of the feet.In the affected areas there is severe itching and heat, often skin cracks and blood flow.Patients undergo strong difficulties when walking, the inability to perform any action with their hands.The pustular type of palm psoriasis is characterized by the appearance of redness and bubbles with liquid content on the skin.
Psoriasis of exudation
This type of disease is characterized by the formation of plaques crying with uneven edges, covered with multiple layers of a gray -led crust.Such crusts are formed by the impregnation of exudate keratinized particles, when you try to remove them, the tiles acquires a reddish color, it can begin to bleed.This form is often found in patients whose history has problems in the work of the endocrine system, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus.
Psoriatic arthritis
It is characterized by a set of symptoms of psoriasis and arthritis.Patients experience joint pain, limited to their movement, fingers swell tightly, the skin around them acquires a bluish tinge.In addition, the disease can affect the back and sacrum.In addition to joints, tendons and joint cartilage also suffer.
Diagnosis of psoriasis
As in the treatment of any other illness, the main thing is to discover the enemy with person and start a comprehensive treatment as soon as possible.The first thing to do if you suspect the presence of psoriasis is to contact a dermatologist.The doctor will perform a visual examination, make a piece from the affected area and prescribe the tests:
- General blood test;
- General urine analysis;
- Calais analysis for goalist eggs.
- Blood test
- Urine analysis
- Calais's analysis
Sometimes these measures may not be sufficient for an accurate diagnosis, as the symptoms of psoriasis can express lubricated.In this case, to distinguish psoriasis from other similar skin diseases, a biopsy is prescribed - dividing part of the tissue and subsequent histological examination in the laboratory.Moreover, the doctor collects information about clinical manifestations, patient complaints, as well as the image of his life, the presence of bad habits and hereditary predisposition to the disease.
Treatment of psoriasis
Unfortunately, it is impossible to get rid of psoriasis completely.However, this does not mean that you simply cannot pay attention to the presence of this diagnosis.Depending on all the recommendations determined by the attending doctor, you can achieve a long constant apology and live for years, not remembering that you are sick with psoriasis.There are no universal treatment methodology, as it depends on factors such as:
- The patient's age;
- Type of psoriasis;
- The size of the affected areas and the location of their location;
- The severity of the disease.
As a rule, the treatment of psoriasis is a set of measures aimed at eliminating and alleviating the symptoms of the disease, maintaining the strength of the body, eliminating the cause that caused the disease irritation.
Drug therapy
The rest of the disease will have to fight the disease, therefore, for patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis, the following treatment technique is developed: First, saving medication with the least number of side effects are prescribed.If therapy does not have the right effect, the medication is replaced with the most powerful.But even a good course of medicines will have to be changed from time to time.This is necessary so that the body is not accustomed to a particular drug and the effect of its action will not be achieved in anything.Treatment involves taking medicines and local ointments.The following medicines are described:
- Antihistamines - facilitate itching, make it possible to sleep peacefully at night;
- Retinoids - vitamin A derivatives - have a favorable effect on skin condition;
- Enterosorbents - their purpose is to cleanse the body of toxins;
- Hepatoprotectors - have a protective and restoring effect on liver cells;
- Enzymes help the gastrointestinal tract face the load;
- Non -Sotaleoidal medicines - relieve inflammation and pain;
- Antibiotics - are necessary in cases where the course of the disease is complicated by the association of infection;
- Cytostatics - decreased increase in increased division of growing cells;
- Immunosuppressors;
- Biological products.
In the initial phase of psoriasis, unpleasant symptoms can eliminate other ointments and creams, which are also a mandatory ingredient of a complex of measures in the treatment of advanced cases of the disease.These funds can be divided into two major groups: non -hormonal and containing hormone.
Physiotherapy
- A few decades ago, the positive effect of UV rays on the skin affected by psoriasis was confirmed.Today, this method is successfully used in the treatment of the disease.O Radiation is performed using special installations, and the entire body and only individual areas can be exposed.
- Patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis often begin to suffer from depressive disorders associated with disease experiences.In this case, the electron can help.The procedure has a calming effect, the patient relaxes, stabilizes his psychological state.All this favorably affects the course of the disease.
- Magnetotherapy helps improve blood circulation, reduce itching, normalizes metabolism.
- The procedure of cryotherapy or cold treatment has also proven its effectiveness in the treatment of psoriasis.The affected areas are exposed to liquid nitrogen vapor, as a result, itching decreases, active metabolic processes in skin cells are initiated.
- Resort-sanatorium treatment can have a very useful effect and promote the patient who enters the phase of remission.
If you have diagnosed psoriasis, try not to fall into despair.Medicine does not stay calm and every year more and more advanced medicines occur that allow you to get rid of the symptoms of the disease for a long time.Follow all the doctor's recommendations, run a healthy lifestyle and, as much as possible, avoid factors that can provoke an irritation.